CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS

COORDINATED BY MRS BLESSING TITILOYE

Week: One &Two

Class: SS3

Subject: Physical Education

Lesson Title: Circulatory system

Period: I-II

Duration: 80 Minutes

Learning Objectives: Students should be able to:

  •                   Understand the structure and functions of the heart
  •                    List the types of blood vessels i. e. veins, arteries and capillaries
  •                 Difference between pulmonary vein and pulmonary arteries

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM



The circulatory system is made up of the heart, the blood and the blood vessels.





The blood vessels

They are:

1.     The arteries

2.     The veins

3.     The capillaries

The blood vessels

CLICK IMAGE TO WATCH ANIMATED VIDEO OF THE BLOOD VESSELS

The arteries

The arteries are large tubes carrying high-pressure blood away from the heart. They have thick muscular walls and branch into tiny tubes called arterioles. All arteries carry oxygenated or pure blood except pulmonary artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Note: Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

The veins   

The veins are large tubes that return low-pressure blood to the heart. They have thinner walls than the arteries and are knitted up by tiny tubes called venules. All veins carry deoxygenated or impure blood except pulmonary vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

Note: Veins carry blood to the heart.

The capillaries

The capillaries are the tiniest blood vessels, they link arterioles and venules. 

The Differences between Arteries and Veins

Arteries

Veins

They start as large vessels and subdivide.

 

They start as small vessels and unite to form large vessels.

 

They carry oxygenated blood except in pulmonary artery

 

They carry deoxygenated blood except in pulmonary van.

 

The blood flows under high pressure

 

The blood flows under low-pressure.

 

The blood flows in jerks.

 

The blood flows steadily.

 

The walls have thick layers of muscles.

 

The walls have thin layers of muscles.

 

The walls have an elastic layer.

 

The walls have non-elastic layer.

 

Valves are not present

 

Valves are present

 


THE HEART

 The heart is the most important muscle in the    body. It composed of specialized muscular      fibres. This hollow muscular organ is a         double pump which drives blood round the     body. Its nonstop action supplies oxygen and   nutrients to the organs and cells of the body   and removes the waste products. Its weight   is  about 315g in the adult man and 255g in   women.


The position of the heart

The heart is placed obliquely within the thoracic cavity almost completely surrounded by the lungs and their pleural sacs.

The structure of the heart

The heart is a fist-size hollow organ of a tough muscle called cardiac muscle with a broad top and pointed base. It has its own blood supply by the coronary arteries and veins. It beats day and night throughout a person's life without any stimulation from the nervous system or conscious will.



The outer structure of the heart

The three layers of muscle that make up the heart are   

i.                   The pericardium

ii.                 The myocardium

iii.               The endocardium

Effects of physical activities on the heart

1.  


2.     The heart beat speeds up as it pumps faster and harder to satisfy the body's extra needs for blood and oxygen.

3.     There is an increase in the stroke volume

4.     The size of the heart is increased

5.     The muscular wall is further thickened

6.     The heart is stronger and pumps more blood which leads to good blood circulation.

7.     Cardiorespiratory endurance is enhanced

THE PULSE

The pushing of blood to run along the arteries from the heart in series of contractions causes a wave of pressure. This wave of pressure can be felt where the artery near the surface of the skin. This wave of pressure is called the pulse.

Functions of the blood

1.     The transportation function

a.      The transport of food nutrients after digestion from the intestine through the hepatic portal vein to the liver

b.     The transport of waste products of metabolism to the sites of elimination (removal) e.g water and salts to the skin for excretion and urea from the liver to the kidney for excretion

c.      The transport of heat from the liver and the muscles to all parts of the body

2.     The protective function

a.      The body is protected in the following ways

b.     The white blood cells engulf bacteria and devour them

c.      The antitoxins in the blood neutralize toxins

d.     The formation of clot helps to plug wounds and protect the body from excessive loss of blood

3.     The respiratory function

The haemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles attract oxygen and becomes oxyhaemoglobin which is taken to all the cells of the body for oxidation of glucose to release energy.


Assignment

State the benefits of athletics.

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